The following information is the AKC standards for Miniature Pinschers.
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Belleview, Fl. 34421
Tina (352)245-3542
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Miniature Pinscher Standards
Other Names: Zwergpinscher The Miniature Pinscher is also know as the Min-Pin and is the top toy breed in Denmark, Holland, and Italy. General Appearance: The Miniature Pinscher is structurally a well balanced, sturdy, compact, short-coupled, smooth-coated dog. He naturally is well groomed, proud, vigorous and alert. Characteristic traits are his hackney-like action, fearless animation, complete self-possession, and his spirited presence. Size, Proportion, Substance: Size -10 inches to 12½ inches in height allowed, with desired height 11 inches to 11½ inches measured at highest point of the shoulder blades. Disqualification -Under 10 inches or over 12½ inches in height. Length of males equals height at withers. Females may be slightly longer. Head: In correct proportion to the body. Tapering, narrow with well fitted but not too prominent foreface which balances with the skull. No indication of coarseness. Eyes full, slightly oval, clear, bright and dark even to a true black, including eye rims, with the exception of chocolates, whose eye rims should be self-colored. Ears set high, standing erect from base to tip. May be cropped or uncropped. Skull appears flat, tapering forward toward the muzzle. Muzzle strong rather than fine and delicate, and in proportion to the head as a whole. Head well balanced with only a slight drop to the muzzle, which is parallel to the top of the skull. Nose black only, with the exception of chocolates which should have a self-colored nose. Lips and Cheeks small, taut and closely adherent to each other. Teeth meet in a scissors bite. Neck, Topline, Body: Neck proportioned to head and body, slightly arched, gracefully curved, blending into shoulders, muscular and free from suggestion of dewlap or throatiness. Topline -Back level or slightly sloping toward the rear both when standing and gaiting. Body compact, slightly wedge-shaped, muscular. Forechest well developed. Well-sprung ribs . Depth of brisket, the base line of which is level with points of the elbows. Belly moderately tucked up to denote grace of structural form. Short and strong in loin. Croup level with topline. Tail set high, held erect, docked in proportion to size of dog. Forequarters: Shoulders clean and sloping with moderate angulation coordinated to permit the hackney-like action. Elbows close to the body. Legs -Strong bone development and small clean joints. As viewed from the front, straight and upstanding. Pasterns strong, perpendicular. Dewclaws should be removed. Feet small, catlike, toes strong, well arched and closely knit with deep pads. Nails thick, blunt. Hindquarters: Well muscled quarters set wide enough apart to fit into a properly balanced body. As viewed from the rear, the legs are straight and parallel. From the side, well angulated. Thighs well muscled. Stifles well defined. Hocks short, set well apart. Dewclaws should be removed. Feet small, catlike, toes strong, well arched and closely knit with deep pads. Nails thick, blunt. Coat: Smooth, hard and short, straight and lustrous, closely adhering to and uniformly covering the body. Color: Solid clear red. Stag red (red with intermingling of black hairs). Black with sharply defined rust-red markings on cheeks, lips, lower jaw, throat, twin spots above eyes and chest, lower half of forelegs, inside of hind legs and vent region, lower portion of hocks and feet. Black pencil stripes on toes. Chocolate with rust-red markings the same as specified for blacks, except brown pencil stripes on toes. In the solid red and stag red a rich vibrant medium to dark shade is preferred. Disqualifications -Any color other than listed. Thumb mark (patch of black hair surrounded by rust on the front of the foreleg between the foot and the wrist; on chocolates, the patch is chocolate hair). White on any part of dog which exceeds one-half inch in its longest dimension. Gait: The forelegs and hind legs move parallel, with feet turning neither in nor out. The hackney-like action is a high-stepping, reaching, free and easy gait in which the front leg moves straight forward and in front of the body and the foot bends at the wrist. The dog drives smoothly and strongly from the rear. The head and tail are carried high. Temperament: Fearless animation, complete self-possession, and spirited presence. Disqualifications: Under 10 inches or over 12½ inches in height.
Breed History & Characteristics
The Miniature Pinscher is not a scaled-down, smaller version of anything, especially the much larger Doberman. Both the Doberman and Miniature Pinscher likely descended from the Old German Standard Pinscher, (considered by many to be behind several German breeds) but there the relationship ends. Historians agree that the Miniature Pinscher originated in Germany several centuries ago as an efficient barnyard ratter. In an AKC Gazette column of 1935, Helen Coster stated that in response to her inquiry, the German Kennel Club in Stuttgart, said in their letter to her "the Zwerg or Dwarf Pinscher is a pure German breed from olden times, and that it has nothing to do with the Doberman or the Manchester Terrier." The Club also calls him the "Reh" Pinscher, but this term is only used for a dog of stag-red color, "reh" referring to a small red deer found in German forests years ago.
The Miniature Pinscher has been pictured in old paintings and sculptures that unmistakably place him as a very old breed, but because factual documentation began less than 200 years ago, his actual origins cannot be stated in fact. In 1936 Dr. H. G. Reinchenbach, a German writer, stated that the breed was a cross of the Dachshund and Italian Greyhound. Many historians and those who have researched the background of the breed agree that the ancestors of the Min Pin most likely include a combination of the smaller German smooth-haired Pinschers, the Italian Greyhound and the Smooth Dachshund.
The Miniature Pinscher is part of the larger German Pinscher family, which contained both large and small varieties as well as two distinct coat types. Efforts began to define and separate the varieties in the mid-1800's when breeders no longer cross bred the coat types. The German pinscher family also includes the Affenpinscher and the Schnauzers.
With the formation of the German Pinscher-Schnauzer-Club (PSK) in 1895, there was a concerted effort to combine forces with other pinscher breeders and fanciers to promote and advance the distinct pinscher varieties.
In a book called "Buch von den Hunden" by Bernard Wolphofer in 1895, the author recognizes four varieties of Pinschers then existing:
1. The rough haired German Pinscher
2. The rough haired dwarf Pinscher
3. The smooth haired German Pinscher
4. The short haired dwarf Pinscher.
The last is obviously the Miniature Pinscher. He makes no mention of the Doberman Pinscher. Another book by Bylandt, published in 1897, "Les Races des Chiens" says that the "German dwarf terrier with rough hair conforms to the German terrier with smooth hair, and so does the German Dwarf terrier with smooth hair." Mr. bylandt does not mention the Doberman either. It is clear from these books that at least four kinds of pinschers, (large and dwarf) and perhaps more, were common in Germany and regarded as firmly incorporated German breeds long before the Doberman was established.
Part of the confusion in origin comes from the word "pinscher", which is a descriptive term like "settler" or "terrier" that denotes the dog's method of working, not his heritage. "Pinscher" refoers to a dog's habit of jumping on, and fiercely biting its quarry. A definition in Henne's "Dictionary of the German Language" indicates that Pinscher is "borrowed from the English word pincher, meaning one who pinches, nips or tweaks." A member of the Top Group in the U.S. and Canada, the Min Pin is included in guard dog Group 2 in FCI classification along with breeds such as the Boxer, Doberman, Mastiff, Rottweiler, and Great Dane (working trial not required).
For the sake of those who still argue that the Miniature Pinscher was bred down from the Doberman Pinscher, it was not until the year 1890 that Louis Dobermann, for whom the Doberman Pinscher is named, bred his first real Doberman.
Mr. Dobermann was a German tax collector and dogcatcher. A skilled breeder, he set out to create a medium sized working dog that would accompany and protect him during the day on his travels. He stated a wish to breed "a giant terrier that would look much like the five-pound Reh Pinscher but that would be fifteen times heavier and larger." Most educated guesses suggest that crosses of the larger type German Short Haired Pinscher (no. 3 in Mr. Wolphofer's book) native German Shepherds, the Rottweiler, and perhaps the Greyhound and Black and Tan Terrier were used to perfect the Doberman by 1899. As we have seen, Miniature Pinscher were being produced in profusion long before this date.
The Miniature Pinscher's popularity burgeoned toward the end of the 1800's in Germany and it was particularly popular in that country from about 1905 to 1914. First exhibited at the Stuttgart Dog Show in Germany in 1900, Miniature Pinschers were almost unknown outside of that country. They were not extensively bred outside Germany, except in the Scandinavian countries until after 1918.
The breed was imported into the United States about 1919, and the first one was registered with the AKC in 1925 under the breed name Pinscher (Toy). Prior to 1928, there were few Miniature Pinschers seen at shows in America. At first, entries at dog shows were in the miscellaneous class. A national breed club, The Miniature Pinscher Club of America, was established in 1929 and the Min Pin was shown in the Terrier Group.
In 1930, it was reclassified as a Toy breed under the name Pinscher (Miniature). The official name was changed to Miniature Pinscher in 1972.
The first standard of the breed was published with the following acknowledgement. "By courtesy of the Pinscher Schnauzer Clubs of Giessen, Germany". The 1929 standard surprisingly made reference to the Min Pin being "similar in appearance to the Doberman Pinscher". In 1935 the standard, under "General Appearance" stated: "a miniature of the Doberman Pinscher". When the standard was completely revised in 1950, all references to the Doberman were eliminated.
The formation of the Miniature Pinscher Club of America and recognition of the breed by the American Kennel Club placed the Min Pins on a firm footing - thus establishing the growth and popularity that he has seen in the United States. His regal build, bearing and stout heart in so small a package earned him the name "King of Toys". The Breed Standard was revised again in 1958, and the one in use today was approved in 1980.
The Miniature Pinscher is structurally a well-balanced, sturdy, compact, short-coupled, smooth-coated, naturally well-groomed toy dog and he is proud, vigorous and playful even in old age. He is easy to train, alert, fearless when on guard and very possessive of his loved ones, which make him a great watch dog. Min Pins believe and act like they are, in fact, much larger!
Although the Min Pin has undergone many changes for the better over the years, especially as to shape of head, eyes and general conformation, his innate character and love of children is unchanged. He is the ideal playmate and companion for young and old alike - all that one could wish for in a house dog - really a big dog in one small beautiful package that is admired and respected wherever he goes. Mom likes him because of his easy to care for satiny, short coat and his naturally clean personal habits. The kids like him because he's naturally inquisitive and wants to be where the action is, and Dad likes him because he's a robust and naturally healthy dog, easy to keep in condition.
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